Thursday, April 25, 2013

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is an increase in the scope, content and frequency of watery bowel movement.
Persons with diarrhea caused significant medical problem usually has an extremely large volume of chairs, in typical cases, more than a pound a day. People who eat large amounts of plant fibers normally can create more than a pound, but this is a well designed chair and not watery. Normal stool contains 60% -90% of water.Diarrhea usually occurs when exceeds 90%.


Osmotic diarrhea occurs when a substance that can not be absorbed into the bloodstream remain in the intestine. These substances cause to remain in a chair excessive amounts of water, leading to diarrhea. Osmotic diarrhea can cause some foods (such as some fruits and legumes) and hexitol, sorbitol and mannitol (used as substitutes for sugar dijetetičkoj foods, candies and chewing gum). Similarly to osmotic diarrhea may result in a lack of lactase. Lactase is an enzyme that is normally found in the small intestine and that converts milk sugar (lactose) into glucose and galactose so that it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. When people with lactase deficiency drink milk or eat dairy products, lactose is not converted into glucose and galactose. How can accumulate in the intestine, causing osmotic diarrhea. Weight osmotic diarrhea depends on how osmotic substance taken. Diarrhea stops quickly after one such substance ceases to eat or drink. Diarrhoea due to secretion occurs when the small and large intestine secrete salts (especially sodium chloride) and water in the stool. Some toxins, such as a toxin that is produced when infected with cholera and as poisons that occur in other infectious diarrhea can cause such secretion. Diarrhea can be strong, with cholera over a quarter of an hour. Other substances that cause secretion of salt and water are some laxatives such as castor oil and bile acids (which can occur after surgery to remove part of the small intestine). Some rare tumors such as carcinoid, gastrin and vipom, can also cause diarrhea due to excretion. malabsorption syndrome (malabsorption syndromes) may also lead to diarrhea. People with this syndrome can not digest food normally. In general malabsorption of fat left in the colon can cause diarrhea because of malabsorption due to excretion, and carbohydrates can cause osmotic diarrhea. Malabsorption can cause such conditions as netropska sprue, pancreatic insufficiency, surgical removal of part of the intestine, insufficient blood supply to the colon, the lack of certain enzymes in the small intestine and liver disease. exudative diarrhea occurs when the lining of the colon is inflamed, with ulcers or packed so releasing proteins, blood, mucus and other fluids, which increases the volume and the amount of fluid in the stool. This type of diarrhea can cause many diseases including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease (regional enteritis), tuberculosis, lymphoma and cancer. When the affected lining of the rectum, the person often feels an urgent need to empty your bowel and has often bowel movements because the inflamed rectum sensitive to stretch chair. Diarrhea can cause damaged intestinal passage. To chair had normal strength has to be a time to keep the colon. See that too left colon is watery, and the chair that stays too hard and dry. Time chair carried in the large intestine can shorten many conditions including excessive activity of the thyroid (hyperthyroidism), surgical removal of part of the small intestine, large intestine or stomach ulcer treatment for which is bisected by the vagus nerve, surgical bypass of the intestines, and medications such as antacids and laxatives containing magnesium, prostaglandins, serotonin and even koefin. Overgrown bacteria (growth of normal intestinal bacteria in abnormally large numbers or growth of bacteria that are not normally found in the intestine) can cause diarrhea. Normal intestinal bacteria play an important role in digestion.Therefore, any disturbance of intestinal bacteria can cause diarrhea. Complications Besides discomfort, embarrassment and disruption of daily activities, severe diarrhea leads to the loss of water (dehydration) and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride. If you have lost large amounts of fluids and electrolytes, blood pressure can be lowered sufficiently to cause loss of consciousness (syncope), heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) and other dangerous disorders. In particular danger are the very young, the elderly, and people with weakened very severe diarrhea. Chair may also be losing bicarbonate leading to metabolic acidosis, type acid-base imbalances in the blood. Diagnosis Doctor primarily seeks to determine if the diarrhea appeared suddenly in a short time or permanent. The goal is to determine whether the cause of changes in diet, if a person has other symptoms, such as fever, pain and rash, and whether the person has been in contact with others who are in the same condition. Based on the patient's description and tests of stool samples, the doctor and the laboratory staff determines whether solid or watery stool, is there any unusual odor and contains fat, blood, or undigested material. Evaluate the extent of stools in a 24 hour period. When diarrhea is often a steady stool samples must be examined microscopically with regard to cells, mucus, fat and other substances.The chair can be examined and the blood and the substances that can lead to osmotic diarrhea. Uzoci can be tested for infectious organisms, including some bacteria, amoebae and Giardia organisms. If a person is secretly taking a laxative and it can be detected in a stool sample. One can make a sigmoidoscopy (search sigmoid colon) and doctor can view the lining the anus and rectum. Sometimes I do a biopsy (removal of a sample of rectal mucosa for microscopic examination). Treating Diarrhea is a symptom and its treatment depends on the cause.Most people with diarrhea should only remove the cause as dijeteska gum or a drug, to suppress diarrhea until the body just does not heal. Sometimes the cure chronic diarrhea when the person stops drinking coffee or drinks that contain caffeine wheel. To help relieve diarrhea doctor may prescribe a medication such as diphenoxylate, codeine, paregorik (tincture of opium) or loperamide. Sometimes even a thickener which is used in chronic constipation, such as methylcellulose or psilij, helps eliminate diarrhea. Curing chairs helps kaolin, pectin and activated atapulgit. When severe diarrhea causes dehydration, may require hospitalization and intravenous compensation of water and salt. As long as the person does not vomit and feel nauseated, very effectively be drinking liquids that contain a balanced amount of water, sugar and salt. 

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